Export and Import Guide for Small Businesses | Everything You Need to Know

Export and import have always been key components of global trade, and in recent years, small businesses have entered this field more than ever. The reason is clear: globalization, the ability to sell Iranian products in international markets, access to cheaper raw materials, and increased profitability. If you also own a small business and want to enter the world of foreign trade, this export and import guide will be a complete roadmap to get you started.

In this article, we will explain step by step what export and import are, what stages they include, what documents are required, how to choose the right transportation company, what costs you should expect, and how to reduce the risks of international trade. Even if you have no experience in this field, our goal is to help you clearly understand the path and get ready to enter this industry.

Chapter One: What Are Export and Import, and Why Are They Important for Small Businesses?

What is Export?

Export refers to the process of sending goods or services to other countries. This can be done by large companies or even small businesses. Export not only increases revenue but also helps grow brand credibility and enter new markets.

What is Import?

Import refers to purchasing goods or raw materials from other countries. Many small businesses must import to reduce costs, improve product quality, or maintain consistent supply of raw materials.

Why Should Small Businesses Focus on Export and Import?

• Higher profit in global markets

• Access to new resources and high-quality raw materials

• Market diversification and reducing dependency on the domestic market

• Faster business growth

• Improved competitiveness

Many small businesses believe that export and import are exclusively for large companies, but the truth is that today most non-oil exports of Iran are handled by small businesses.

Chapter Two: Main Stages of Export for Small Businesses

To follow the standards of the export and import guide, you need to know exactly what steps the export process includes.

1. Choosing the Right Product for Export

Before anything else, you must determine whether your product is suitable for export. Characteristics of a successful export product include:

• Acceptable quality
• Competitive pricing
• Standard packaging
• Continuous supply capability
• Compliance with the destination country’s standards

2. Analyzing the Target Market

Identify countries where there is demand for your product. Important points:

• Import volume of that product
• Competitors
• Pricing
• Local regulations

3. Preparing Necessary Export Documents

Important documents include:

• Business card (export license)
• Proforma invoice
• Commercial invoice
• Packing list
• Certificate of origin
• Bill of lading
• Insurance policy
• Standards and health certificates (if required)

4. Choosing the Method of Transportation

In the export and import guide, it is always emphasized that choosing the transportation method plays a major role in cost and delivery time. Popular methods:

• Sea freight (for large volumes and low prices)
• Air freight (for valuable or sensitive goods)
• Land transportation (neighboring countries)

5. Signing a Contract with the Foreign Buyer

You must have a standard, reliable contract that includes:

• Price
• Payment terms
• Shipping method
• Incoterms
• Delivery time

Chapter Three: Import Steps for Small Businesses

1. Finding a Reliable Supplier

You can find suppliers through:

• International websites
• Foreign exhibitions
• Chambers of commerce
• Trusted intermediaries

2. Receiving the Proforma Invoice

The proforma is the first official document for import and includes:

• Price
• Delivery terms
• Product specifications
• Weight
• HS code

3. Order Registration

This is done through the National Trade System.

4. Payment Procedures

Common payment methods include:

• Foreign currency transfer
• Letter of credit (L/C)
• TT payment

5. Choosing a Transportation Company

This is the most important stage for small businesses. Choose a company that:

• Has experience shipping similar products
• Offers competitive rates
• Provides professional support
• Reduces shipping risks

6. Completing Customs Procedures

Once the goods arrive, you must:

• Declare the goods
• Pay customs duties
• Undergo technical inspections
• Clear the goods

Chapter Four: Major Costs in Export and Import

In this part of the export and import guide, we outline all major costs:

1. International transportation costs

Depends on the method of shipment.

2. Insurance costs

For covering potential damage.

3. Customs costs

Includes:

• Customs duties
• Value-added tax
• Other fees

4. Storage costs

If goods remain in customs.

5. Standard and lab testing costs

Required for some goods.

6. Packaging costs

Very important in export.

Chapter Five: Common Mistakes Small Businesses Make in Export and Import

1. Starting without sufficient knowledge

Many start without studying the export and import guide and end up losing money.

2. Choosing the wrong shipping method

For example, choosing air freight for low-value goods.

3. Overtrusting foreign suppliers

Always sign a formal contract.

4. Miscalculating volumetric weight

Especially in air freight.

5. Not using proper packaging

6. Not budgeting for additional costs

Chapter Six: The Impact of Customs Regulations on Export and Import

Customs regulations of each country can simplify or complicate your export/import process. Key factors include:

• Bans and restrictions
• Tariffs
• Import standards
• Health requirements
• Required documents

To avoid problems, always consult a professional or a reputable transportation company.

Chapter Seven: Key Tips for Success in Export and Import

1. Start small

You don’t need to ship large volumes at the beginning.

2. Work with professional transportation companies

They can save you from many losses.

3. Analyze the market regularly

The global market changes constantly.

4. Prepare documents carefully

Even small mistakes can cause significant losses.

5. Use proper insurance

Especially in sea freight.

6. Follow proper pricing strategies

Competition in global markets is intense.

Conclusion

In this article, we tried to provide a complete, simple, yet professional export and import guide so that small businesses can gain a better understanding of the foreign trade process. If done with knowledge and planning, export and import can generate substantial profit and help your business grow. All you need is to choose the right product, identify your target market, prepare the necessary documents correctly, and work with professional service providers.